A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE AND RHESUS FACTOR COMPATIBILITY AMONG COUPLES IN HADEJIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT, JIGAWA STATE
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ABSTRACT
This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and Rh incompatibility among couples in Hadejia Local Government Area (LGA), Jigawa State, and to assess public awareness and preventive measures in place. SCD and Rh incompatibility are genetic conditions with significant implications for maternal and child health. The study involved 200 couples (400 individuals) selected based on demographic criteria, and data was collected through laboratory tests, questionnaires, and interviews. The results revealed that 62% of the participants had normal hemoglobin (HbAA), 30% were carriers of the sickle cell trait (HbAS), and 8% had SCD (HbSS). In terms of Rh compatibility, 65% of the couples were both Rh-positive, 10% were both Rh-negative, and 25% had one Rh-positive and one Rh-negative partner, indicating a substantial risk of Rh incompatibility-related complications. Awareness levels varied, with 55% of participants being aware of SCD and 40% aware of Rh incompatibility. Preventive measures were inconsistently applied, with only 35% of couples receiving genetic counseling and 60% of Rh-incompatible couples receiving Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) prophylaxis. The study highlighted key similarities and differences between SCD and Rh incompatibility, noting their genetic bases, health implications, and preventive measures. Both conditions require targeted interventions to manage genetic risk and improve health outcomes. Recommendations include establishing comprehensive genetic counseling programs, training healthcare providers, implementing public education campaigns, engaging community leaders, and improving healthcare infrastructure to ensure access to diagnostic and preventive services. This study underscores the importance of understanding genetic compatibility and implementing effective public health strategies to reduce the burden of SCD and Rh incompatibility. Enhancing public awareness and ensuring access to preventive measures are critical steps towards improving maternal and child health outcomes in Hadejia LGA and similar settings. Further research is recommended to address the study's limitations and explore additional areas for improving healthcare delivery and genetic counseling services.
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